Skin problems in dogs

Overview

Because the skin of a dog is actually thinner and more sensitive to injury than human skin, it is not surprising that skin disorders are among the most common health problems in dogs. Does your dog scratch and chew on his skin constantly? And what are those round, scaly patches on your puppy's face and paws? If these symptoms sound familiar, or if your pet has dry, flaky or irritated skin, he may be suffering from a skin disorder.

Diseases

The first thing you should do is rule out the possibility of a contagious disease especially if you have other pets. Sarcoptic mange mites, for example, cause frantic scratching. These mites also cause hair loss in dogs, especially around the elbows and ears, which can become crusty and scabby. Sarcoptic mange is transmitted through direct contact with other animals and can be passed to humans. Treatment consists of a series of medicated dips or injections.

Ringworm, also highly contagious, is a fungal infection that causes inflammation, scaly patches and hair loss in dogs, particularly young ones. Ringworm can be passed to other animals and to humans. Treatment may involve shampoo and creams available from your veterinarian. In severe cases, oral drugs may be prescribed.

Fleas

Fleas can also create serious skin problems for your dog. Continuous, persistent scratching and chewing can be the first sign that your dog is infested.  Dogs with fleas or flea allergies usually concentrate their scratching and chewing in the area around the base of their tail and on their stomachs.  Skin irritations and allergic reactions may be caused by flea bites or droppings. And some dogs are sensitive to the products used to kill fleas. An allergic reaction to the medication in a flea collar, for example, can cause redness and irritation on your dog's neck. Never use products that have been developed for cats on your dog, and vice versa.  Flea control is necessary year round in many areas of the country to avoid developing a flea infestation.  Talk to your veterinarian about what is recommended in your area.

Allergies

Hay fever and allergies can manifest themselves in skin problems. Your dog's itching can indicate a sensitivity to various substances such as trees, mold, grasses, fleas, rugs, fabrics and food. Bathing your dog too frequently or with the wrong product can also promote skin problems. Experts recommend a monthly bath for most dogs to wash away the allergens that may be irritating them.  Dogs with allergies often chew their feet and scratch a lot around their face and ears. 

Seasonal changes

And, some dogs, just like people, may suffer from dry, flaky, itchy skin in the cold winter months. A dietary supplement that contains essential fatty acids may provide relief. You can also rub a topical conditioner into your dog's coat to help soothe irritated skin and restore lost moisture. A good diet, too, is essential to maintaining a healthy skin and coat.

Treatment

Always consult a veterinarian when your dog has skin problems. In some cases, corticosteroids and antihistamines may also be used to control itching. Hair loss can be the first sign of more serious health conditions, such as hypothyroidism or Cushings' disease. You and your veterinarian must determine what's making your dog itch and, ideally, eliminate it from his diet or environment.

References:

Carlson, Lisa D, D.V.M., and Giffin, James M., MD. Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook. New York:  Howell Book House, 2000.