Dental care for cats

Overview

Studies show that more than 85% of domestic animals over the age of 3 suffer from gingivitis, or inflammation of the gums. Bacteria and food particles can build up on a cat's teeth and form plaque, which can then harden into brownish-yellow tartar on the teeth. If untreated, infection can occur. In serious cases, the infection can result in tooth decay, ulceration, or even move into the bloodstream.

Brush those teeth!

Check your cat's teeth and gums at least once a week. Look for signs of infection, such as bad breath, difficulty eating or a dark red line above the gums. One of the best ways to avoid gum disease is by daily brushing with a toothpaste formulated specifically for cats.

For a few days prior to starting your home dental care program, merely stroke the outside of your pet's cheeks with your fingers. This will accustom your pet to having your hands near his mouth. To get your pet used to this treatment, start out with just a little paste on your fingers or on some soft gauze. Let your cat lick it off. You may need someone to hold your pet steady as you gently rub along the outer teeth and gums for 5 to 10 seconds. Over time, gradually increase your sessions to 30 seconds and switch to a soft toothbrush made especially for cats, or use a finger toothbrush or finger toothbrush disposable glove. Cats may accept these more readily than a brush. After acceptance is established, gently pull the lips and cheeks up. Begin with short, back-and-forth strokes at the gumline. Brush only a few teeth the first time. Give lots of reassurance and praise during the process. Increase the number of teeth brushed each time until your cat accepts this routine willingly.

Try dipping the brush in the liquid from a can of water-packed tuna. Never use human toothpaste, which can contain detergents that can give your cat an upset stomach if she swallows it. Baking soda has sometimes been suggested for use. However, besides the problem of taste, baking soda contains a high sodium level. This sodium level may cause health problems in some animals, especially those with a heart or kidney condition. 

People have thought for many years that dry food helped lessen dental disease.  However, a cat's teeth are designed for ripping meat, not for crunching on hard food.  Most cats barely crunch on hard kibble; so you do not need to switch your cat to dry food if you are worried about his dental health.

Consult your veterinarian if you suspect gum inflammation

If you have not been routinely caring for your pet's teeth, the plaque and tartar build-up may be excessive. If your cat has excessive tartar, your veterinarian will need to clean her teeth under anesthesia.  Make sure to consult your vet if your suspect gum inflammation or notice ulcers on your pet's tongue and gums. They may be a symptom of kidney disease or feline immunodeficiency virus.