Common health problems in rats

With proper nutrition, a clean living environment, and plenty of playtime and attention, your rat should remain healthy and happy throughout his life. If these needs are not met, however, your sensitive animal companion can become ill. Knowing what to look out for can help you to help your pet should a problem arise.

Poor diet causes many health problems

Did you know that many diseases commonly occurring in pet rats can be attributed to a poor diet? Rats love to eat, and their caretakers love to indulge them. But too much junk food and other treats high in fat and sugar can lead to obesity, high cholesterol, heart disease and stroke – all of which can shorten your pet's time with you. If your rat is overweight, eliminate unhealthy treats and meet his nutritional needs with a pelleted diet and fresh fruits and veggies.

Improper housing can can cause problems, too

Rats who are forced to live in wire-bottom cages can easily get their feet stuck, resulting in open wounds and even broken limbs. The constant pressure of standing on the wires can cause swelling and abscesses, which can become infected without veterinary attention.

Heatstroke

Some animals may like it hot, but not rats. This species is highly susceptible to heatstroke, which can be fatal. Signs of heatstroke include heavy panting, drooling and lying flat on the stomach. Rats prefer temperatures of 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, so take care that your pet's cage is not in direct sunlight. If you live in a warm climate, wire cages provide the best possible air circulation.

Parasitic infections, including mites

Parasitic infections have bugged many a rat. Mites can enter your home via wood shavings or other wood toys or chewing blocks in your rat's cage. These pesky critters may show up as little red dots on the skin, and can cause your pet a lot of distress. Animals infested with mites tend to scratch constantly, and commonly have scabs on their face, hind legs, back and shoulders. A trip to the veterinarian is in order to clear up the infestation, and you may have to bathe your pet and treat the cage and surrounding area, too.

Respiratory ailments

Rats seem to be prone to respiratory problems, ranging in severity from the common cold to the serious Mycoplasma pneumonia. Symptoms of infection include:

• Constant sneezing with the production of mucus
• Wheezing
• Labored breathing
• Rattling in the chest

The onset of stress or another infection can cause an outbreak of Mycoplasma. Unless the disease is extremely advanced, it can be controlled with antibiotics. Please note that respiratory illnesses are highly contagious, so if you have more than one rat, you will definitely need to quarantine the infected individual.

If you notice any unusual symptoms in your pet, do not wait until a regularly scheduled check-up to consult the vet. Signs of illness, in addition to those discussed above, include lethargy, weight loss, dull eyes, diarrhea and difficulty breathing. If you think your rat is ill, contact the veterinarian immediately.