Common health problems in rabbits

If you provide your rabbit with a proper diet of hay, pellets and vegetables, keep her cage clean and see that she gets enough exercise and TLC, she should remain free of disease. If these needs are not met, however, these sensitive animals can become ill. Knowing what to look out for can help you to help your pet in case a problem arises. Listed below are common health problems that many rabbits face.

Hairballs can cause digestive problems

Did you know that rabbits shed four times a year? And just like cats, they regularly groom themselves and can get hairballs. But the big difference is that rabbits are unable to vomit up this ingested hair. Too large a mass can cause an obstruction that could lead to serious illness. To combat hairballs, regularly groom your pet and, to help her digestion, be sure she's getting her high-fiber hay every day. You can also give your pet a feline hairball preparation. There are several brands available at pet supply stores. Experts suggest giving the remedy once weekly when your pet is not shedding, and even more frequently during shedding season,

Diarrhea and enteritis

Diarrhea can indicate a variety of problems – from a poor diet to a serious disease. If accompanied by a swollen belly, mucus in the feces and rumbling noises in the stomach, enteritis may be the culprit. This can be dangerous and requires veterinary attention. It's also important that you contact your vet if your pet has diarrhea for more than a day, or if her droppings are small, clumpy or misshapen. Diarrhea is often treated with antibiotics.

Bacterial infections

Runny nose and eyes, sneezing, labored breathing and elevated temperature are all signs of bacterial infections. Many types of bacteria can plague rabbits; one of the most common is Pasteurella, which causes a dangerous disease called snuffles. A veterinarian can properly diagnose and treat bacterial infections, which are usually eliminated with an appropriate antibiotic.

Dark red urine

A healthy rabbit's urine can range in color from clear to yellow-brown to red. If your pet's urine is on the red side, don't panic – yet. Dark red urine is not a problem unless it is accompanied by sitting and straining to urinate and appetite loss. These symptoms can be an indicator of respiratory or intestinal problems, and should be checked out by a veterinarian right away.

Respiratory damage from cedar and pine shavings

Another often-seen health problem in rabbits is respiratory damage caused by cedar and pine shavings used to line cages and litter boxes. These softwood beddings produce fumes that are extremely dangerous to bunnies when inhaled. Avoid these materials at all costs. Aspen shavings, straw and hay are great for bedding.

Don't be afraid to consult a vet

If you notice any of the symptoms discussed above, or other suspect signs, such as:

• Lethargy
• Fur loss
• Red, swollen skin

Don't wait for your annual check-up. Contact your veterinarian immediately. Note that a healthy rabbit is curious, bright-eyed and energetic, boasting glossy fur and a good appetite. With proper diet, housing and regular veterinary care, your bunny should remain in tip-top condition.